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Line 1: − + + + − [[File:Zynpad 4x4.png|right|400px]]+ − To access the sequencer, select "Sequencer" from the main menu or use the shortcut: long press LAYER encoder. The first time you access the sequencer you will see a 4 x 4 grid of rectangles organised as 4 columns of colours. This view is called ZynPad and provides a live performance interface to ZynSeq. Each of rectangle represents a pad which may be used to play a sequence. Use of ZynPad is described later but first we need to add some sequences to play.+ + − What is a sequence? A sequence is a collection of tracks which play in unison. By default each sequence has a single track. A sequence is a member of a group (indicated by its prefix A-Z and pad colour). Several sequences may be played simultaneously but those in the same group do not play concurrently.+ + − What is a track? A track is a collection of patterns which may be played and looped. Each track plays out to its own MIDI channel. We will see how sequences and tracks are manipulated in the section Arranger.+ + − What is a pattern? A pattern is a collection of MIDI events, e.g. notes. Each pattern has a duration in steps and may include as many simultaneous (polyphonic) notes as desired on each step. We will see how patterns are manipulated in the section Pattern Editor.+ + + + + + + + + + + − + + − First we need to understand some user interface elements. ZynSeq includes a menu that is shown by short press LAYER or touching the top left of the screen. The LAYER or SELECT encoder may be used to highlight entries within this menu and short press LAYER or SELECT will select that entry. Alternatively the touchscreen may be used to select an entry by touching the selection. If the menu extends beyond the bottom of the screen it may be scrolled by highlighting lower entries with the SELECT or LAYER encoder or press and drag with the touchscreen. (Note: When touch and dragging on touchscreen the menu option will be selected when touch is released.) The first entries in menu are common to all ZynSeq views. Entries below the first divider are sensitive, i.e. specific to the current view or action being performed.+ − + + + + Line 29:
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Line 130: − + − + + − ZynPad is the performance view. It shows each sequence as a ''pad''. The pad has a colour and its name has a prefix (A-Z) representing its group and a number identifying its sequence number. Each pad triggers a different sequence. By default there are 16 sequences, 1-16.+ − + − + − + − + Line 107:
Line 154: − + + + − So far we have edited a single pattern in one pad's sequence. Let's add patterns to other pads. By default ZynSeq has 16 pads (sequences) each with a single track with its own pattern. User BACK and SELECT encoders to select pad + − A2 and bold press SELECT to show its Pattern Editor. Add a new melody to the pattern then short press BACK or touch top left and select the back icon from the topbar to return to ZynPad. − + − − Start pad A2. Pad A2 shows an orange ''starting'' icon but does not start to play yet. A1 pad's icon changes to red and continues to play. The red icon indicates sequence is playing but will soon stop. A2 pad icon changes to green and starts playing as A1 stops. The behaviour occurs because these pads are in the same group, "A" (see below). − + + + − Each sequence belongs to a mutually exclusive group. This means that only one sequence within the same group may play concurrently. Sequences from other groups may play simultaneously. The group is indicated by the single letter prefix of the sequence name. There are up to 26 groups, A-Z.+ − By default sequences are arranged in columns of groups with the first column being in group A, second column in group B, etc. and the last column being in group J. (This is because the default configuration also allocates MIDI channels 1, 2, etc. and 10 for last column which is traditionally used for percussion.) ZynPad tries to keep things simple with each sequence containing a single track and a single pattern. We will see later how this can be changed with Arranger. Following this simple workflow, a sequence's MIDI channel may be set from the menu option ''MIDI channel''. This also sets the sequence's group. There are 16 colours used to indicate groups so that each MIDI channel may have a different colour.+ − − Line 131:
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Line 208: − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + + + + + + + + + + + + − + + + − + − + − + − + − + − + − Banks may be cleared and reset to default 4 x 4 grid from the Arranger menu.+ − + − + Line 247:
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Line 324: − The selection cursor may be moved around the grid of patterns by rotating the BACK and SELECT encoders. Information about the currently selected track is shown in the topbar, e.g. ''Bank 1 A2-1 (3)'' shows that track 1 in sequence 2 of bank 1 is in group A and sends to MIDI channel 3. Each horizontal division represents a beat. Moving the cursor beyond the edge of the screen will scroll to show more of the bank.+ − Patterns may be added to or removed from the grid by short pressing the SELECT encoder or by tapping the touchscreen. Press and drag allows more accurate positioning of a pattern.+ − + + + + + Line 273:
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Jofemodo moved page ZynSeq Users Guide to ZynSeq User Guide
= ZynSeq - The Zynthian Sequencer =
= ZynSeq - The Zynthian Sequencer =
This guide explains how to access and use the Zynthian's step sequencer called, ZynSeq. Before following the guide, add 2 synth engines to layers using MIDI channels 1 & 2 respectively. We will use these to demonstrate ZynSeq. If you use a touchscreen instead of rotary encoders then enable touch widgets using webconf INTERFACE->UI Options.
This guide explains how to access and use the Zynthian's step sequencer called, ZynSeq. Before following the guide, add 2 synth engines to layers using MIDI channels 1 & 2 respectively. We will use these to demonstrate ZynSeq. If you use a touchscreen instead of rotary encoders then enable touch widgets using webconf INTERFACE->UI Options. See [[#User Interface Settings for Touchscreen/Headless Setups | User Interface Settings for Touchscreen/Headless Setups]] for more info.
= Accessing ZynSeq =
= Accessing ZynSeq =
[[File:main_menu1.png|right|400px]]
[[File:Sequencer pad view 2 inst.png|400px|right]]
To access the sequencer, select '''Sequencer''' from the main menu or long press LAYER encoder. The first time you access the sequencer you will see a 4 x 4 grid of rectangles organised as 4 columns of colours. This view is called ZynPad and provides a live performance interface to ZynSeq. Each rectangle represents a pad which may be used to play a sequence. This operation is similar to clip launchers in many DAWs (e.g. Ableton) and on hardware devices (Akai APC and Novation Launchpad devices). Use of ZynPad is described later but first there are some terms that will help understand the structure of ZynSeq.
'''Pattern'''<br>
A pattern is a collection of MIDI events, e.g. notes. Each pattern has a duration in steps and may include as many simultaneous (polyphonic) notes as desired on each step. We will see how patterns are manipulated in the [[#Pattern Editor | Pattern Editor section]]
'''Track'''<br>
A track contains a pattern or collection of patterns which may be played and looped. Each track plays out to its own MIDI channel. We will see how sequences and tracks are manipulated in the [[#Arranger | Arranger section]].
'''Sequence'''<br>
A sequence contains a track or collection of tracks which play in unison. By default each sequence has a single track.
'''Group''' <br>
A sequence is a member of a group (indicated by its pad colour). Several sequences may be played simultaneously but those in the same group do not play concurrently.
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====Pad Layout====
Each pad displays information split into an upper and lower part. The top part shows the current loop setting (loop all - [[#Sequence_Modes | see Sequence Modes]]), the midi channel of the track it will play on and the sequence identifier (A1). Currently the track uses midi channel 1 which is assigned the 'Poly Dreams' preset from the OB-xD instrument. The preset is used as the default name (it can be renamed) and shown in the lower part of the pad. This pad is currently empty, when the pad has content, a stop button icon will appear in the top right corner. When the pad has no sequence at all, it displays dark grey.
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<gallery mode = packed>
Zynpad empty sequence.png|Pad empty sequence
Zynpad with sequence.png|Pad with content in sequence (shows stop button icon)
Zynpad without sequence.png|Pad without sequence (Pad displays dark grey)
</gallery>
So a pad can trigger a sequence which is a collection of tracks. A tack is a collection of patterns. A pattern is a collection of MIDI events. Let's create...
So a pad is in a group and triggers a sequence which is a collection of tracks. A track is a collection of patterns. A pattern is a collection of MIDI events. Now we need to add some sequences to play. Let's create...
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= Menus and Parameters =
= Menus and Parameters =
[[File:Sequencer_menu1.png|right|400px]]
If a parameter is selected from the menu its title and value is displayed in the title bar at the top of the screen. This is called the ''parameter editor''. The value may be adjusted with the LAYER or SELECT encoder and asserted by a short press of LAYER or SELECT. Short press BACK to cancel out of the parameter editor. If touchscreen widgets is enabled then buttons appear in the title bar allowing adjustment of the parameter.
First we need to understand some user interface elements. ZynSeq includes a menu that is shown by short press LAYER (KB shortcut 'i', MIDI 'C4'). The SELECT encoder may be used to highlight entries within this menu and short press SELECT will select that entry. Alternatively the touchscreen may be used to select an entry by touching the selection. If the menu extends beyond the bottom of the screen it may be scrolled by highlighting lower entries with the SELECT encoder or press and drag with the touchscreen. Short press BACK to touch the topbar to close the menu without selecting an option.
====Parameter Editor====
If a parameter is selected from the menu its title and value is displayed in the title bar at the top of the screen. This is called the ''parameter editor''. The value may be coarsely adjusted with the SNAPSHOT encoder and finely adjusted with the SELECT encoder. The value is asserted by a short press of SELECT. Bold press SELECT may reset value to a default. Short press BACK to cancel out of the parameter editor. If [[#User Interface Settings for Touchscreen/Headless Setups | touchscreen widgets is enabled]] then buttons appear in the title bar allowing adjustment of the parameter.
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= Pattern Editor =
= Pattern Editor =
[[File:zynseq_patterneditor_playing.png|right|400px]]
[[File:zynseq_patterneditor_playing.png|right|400px]]
By default each pad triggers a sequence containing a single pattern. Bold press SELECT encoder to show the Pattern Editor for the highlighted pad or press and hold the pad on the touchscreen. There is a grid on the right called the ''Step Grid''. On the left is a representation of a piano keyboard, scale or drum map. Each row represents a note and each column in the step grid represents a step in the sequence.
[[File:sequencer_pattern_editor_menu.png|right|400px]]
By default each pad triggers a sequence containing a single pattern. Bold press SELECT to show the Pattern Editor for the highlighted pad or press and hold the pad on the touchscreen.
==== Step sequences and the Step Grid ====
There is a grid on the right called the ''Step Grid''. On the left is a representation of a piano keyboard, scale or drum map. Each row represents a note and each column in the step grid represents a step in the sequence.
Step sequences are a quantised collection of events, i.e. each event occurs at a discrete time and the available discrete times are equally and evenly distributed across the pattern. This means the difference in time between step 1 and step 2 occurring is the same as the difference in time between step 2 and step 3 occurring.
Step sequences are a quantised collection of events, i.e. each event occurs at a discrete time and the available discrete times are equally and evenly distributed across the pattern. This means the difference in time between step 1 and step 2 occurring is the same as the difference in time between step 2 and step 3 occurring.
==== Navigating the Pattern Editor and Entering Notes ====
One of the cells in the step grid has a coloured outline. This is the ''cursor'' and identifies which cell is currently highlighted. Rotate the BACK encoder to move the cursor up and down (between notes) and the SELECT encoder to move the cursor left and right (between steps). To add a note, move the cursor to the desired step and note then short press the SELECT encoder. A note may be removed in the same way. Alternatively press the touchscreen on the cell you want to add or remove a note. Press and drag to allow more accurate positioning. As a note is added it is also sounded (MIDI sent to engine). All steps in a pattern are always shown, i.e. there is no horizontal scrolling or zoom. Notes above or below the visible area may be accessed by moving the cursor beyond the view with the BACK encoder. The view scrolls as the cursor reaches the edge. Alternatively use the touchscreen to press on the keyboard and drag up and down to vertically scroll the view. Note that as you touch a key on the keyboard it plays that note briefly. This is a useful tool for auditioning notes or phrases before adding them to the step grid.
One of the cells in the step grid has a coloured outline. This is the ''cursor'' and identifies which cell is currently highlighted. Rotate the BACK encoder to move the cursor up and down (between notes) and the SELECT encoder to move the cursor left and right (between steps). To add a note, move the cursor to the desired step and note then short press the SELECT encoder. A note may be removed in the same way. Alternatively press the touchscreen on the cell you want to add or remove a note. Press and drag to allow more accurate positioning. As a note is added it is also sounded (MIDI sent to engine). All steps in a pattern are always shown, i.e. there is no horizontal scrolling or zoom. Notes above or below the visible area may be accessed by moving the cursor beyond the view with the BACK encoder. The view scrolls as the cursor reaches the edge. Alternatively use the touchscreen to press on the keyboard and drag up and down to vertically scroll the view. Note that as you touch a key on the keyboard it plays that note briefly. This is a useful tool for auditioning notes or phrases before adding them to the step grid.
To preview a pattern, short press the SNAPSHOT button to start the transport. A coloured bar at the bottom of the view will move left to right to indicate the position of the playhead and any notes entered in the pattern will be sent to the Zynthian's engines. To pause playback, short press SNAPSHOT. To stop and recue to the start of the pattern, bold press SNAPSHOT. If touchscreen widgets are enabled, pressing the touchscreen at the top right corner will display the transport controls. Pressing the right pointing arrow play button will start playback. The play button changes colour to indicate it is playing. Pressing again will pause playback. Pressing the square stop button will stop playback and recue to start of pattern. Pressing top right of screen will hide the transport. Playback speed (Tempo) can be adjusted with the SNAPSHOT encoder or by selecting "Tempo" from the menu.
==== Preview, Pattern Duration and Resolution ====
To preview a pattern, short press the SNAPSHOT button to start the transport. A coloured bar at the bottom of the view will move left to right to indicate the position of the playhead and any notes entered in the pattern will be sent to the Zynthian's engines. To pause playback, short press SNAPSHOT. To stop and recue to the start of the pattern, bold press SNAPSHOT. Playback speed (Tempo) can be adjusted with the SNAPSHOT encoder or by selecting "Tempo" from the menu.
The MIDI channel used by the Pattern Editor will be chosen from the sequence / track from which it is launched, e.g. if you selected the first pad (without changing default settings) it should play on MIDI channel 1.
The MIDI channel used by the Pattern Editor will be chosen from the sequence / track from which it is launched, e.g. if you selected the first pad (without changing default settings) it should play on MIDI channel 1.
Changing the scale from Chromatic will hide notes in the note grid and all keys on the keyboard change to white, i.e. no black keys are shown. Notes are hidden but not removed from the pattern which may result in notes not being visible. If a percussion preset or engine is selected for the current MIDI channel then an appropriate drum map is also available in the list of scales and selected by default. The name of the percussion instrument is shown on each key, e.g. Snare Drum.
Changing the scale from Chromatic will hide notes in the note grid and all keys on the keyboard change to white, i.e. no black keys are shown. Notes are hidden but not removed from the pattern which may result in notes not being visible. If a percussion preset or engine is selected for the current MIDI channel then an appropriate drum map is also available in the list of scales and selected by default. The name of the percussion instrument is shown on each key, e.g. Snare Drum.
Selecting ''Tonic'' fro the menu allows changing the key of the scale: C, C#, D, etc.
Selecting ''Tonic'' from the menu allows changing the key of the scale: C, C#, D, etc.
= Adding Notes With External MIDI Controller =
= Adding Notes With External MIDI Controller =
It is possible to use a MIDI controller to add notes to a pattern, e.g. MIDI keyboard connected to Zynthian. Select "Input channel" from Pattern Editor menu to adjust the MIDI channel that ZynSeq listens for input. When the Pattern Editor is shown, any note sent on this channel will add a note to the pattern at the current playhead cursor position with the current note duration and if the pattern is not being played, move the playhead to the next step. To add longer notes (in multiples of the current note duration) press the hold pedal whilst adding notes. It is possible to assign a note that acts as a rest, i.e. will not add a note to the sequence and skip to the next step. Select "Rest note" from pattern editor menu to select which note will act as a rest. None may be selected by rotating SELECT encoder to the end of the range, i.e. below C-1 or above G9.
It is possible to use a MIDI controller to add notes to a pattern, e.g. MIDI keyboard connected to Zynthian. Select "Input channel" from Pattern Editor menu to adjust the MIDI channel that ZynSeq listens for input. When the Pattern Editor is shown, any note sent on this channel will add a note to the pattern at the current playhead cursor position with the a duration of one step and if the pattern is not being played, move the playhead to the next step. This table summarises how to input notes with a controller:
{| class="wikitable"
! Input Type
! Description
|-
| style="width: 15%" | Add a single note || Press the keyboard (midi controller) note once.
|-
| Add longer notes || Press the sustain pedal whilst adding notes. Each press of a note whilst the sustain pedal is pressed will extend the note by one step. E.g. at default settings, press 4 times to create a quarter note. Release sustain pedal to start a new note.
|-
| Add chords || Same as adding longer notes, the playhead does not advance until the sustain pedal is released so chords may also be added whilst the sustain pedal is pressed. Release sustain pedal to start a new chord.
|-
| Advance the playhead || The playhead may be advanced without adding any note by pressing and releasing the sustain pedal.
|-
| Add (assign) a rest note || It is also possible to assign a note that acts as a rest, i.e. will not add a note to the sequence and skip to the next step. Select "Rest note" from pattern editor menu to select which note will act as a rest. ''None'' may be selected by rotating SELECT encoder to the end of the range, i.e. below C-1 or above G9.
|}
'''Loop Mode and Overdub'''
It is also possible to play live whist the pattern is playing in loop mode. Short press SNAPSHOT encoder to start loop playback then use MIDI controller to overdub the pattern. The same logic applies so playing a note that already exists will remove it.
It is also possible to play live whist the pattern is playing in loop mode. Short press SNAPSHOT encoder to start loop playback then use MIDI controller to overdub the pattern. The same logic applies so playing a note that already exists will remove it.
= Playing a sequence =
= Playing a sequence =
[[File:Zynpad 4x4 playing.png|right|400px]]
[[File:Sequencer pad view 2 inst1 playing.png|right|400px]]
[[File:Zynpad 4x4 stopping.png|right|400px]]
[[File:Sequencer pad view 2 inst1 stopping.png|right|400px]]
ZynPad is the performance view. It shows each sequence as a ''pad''. The pad has a colour representing its group and (by default) a number identifying its sequence number. (This label can be changed by selecting the menu option: "Rename sequence".) Each pad triggers a different sequence. By default there are 16 sequences, 1-16.
'''Navigation and Playback Functions'''
Each pad has an icon indicating its play mode. The default mode is ''Loop All''. This means the pad will play the whole sequence then wait unit the next sync point / bar before starting again.
Each pad has an icon indicating its play mode. The default mode is ''Loop All''. This means the pad will play the whole sequence then wait unit the next sync point / bar before starting again.
Similar to how we navigate the cursor in the Pattern Editor we can move the cursor in ZynPad with the BACK and SELECT encoders. Move the cursor to the top left to highlight pad A1 (it is probably already there) then short press SELECT encoder to start playback of sequence A1. This can also be achieved with a touchscreen by simply tapping pad A1.
Similar to how we navigate the cursor in the Pattern Editor we can move the cursor in ZynPad with the BACK and SELECT encoders. Move the cursor to the top left to highlight pad 1 (it is probably already there) then short press SELECT encoder to start playback of sequence 1. This can also be achieved with a touchscreen by simply tapping pad 1.
Playback of the pattern you created should start to loop. During playback a green right-pointing arrow shows on the pad.
Playback of the pattern you created should start to loop. During playback a green right-pointing arrow shows on the pad.
Tempo may be adjusted using the SNAPSHOT encoder or by selecting "Tempo" from the menu (if touchscreen widgets enabled).
Tempo may be adjusted using the SNAPSHOT encoder or by selecting "Tempo" from the menu.
Short press SELECT or tap the pad with the touchscreen to stop the sequence playing.
Short press SELECT or tap the pad with the touchscreen to stop the sequence playing.
The playback indication icon changes to red to indicate it is stopping and then disappears to indicate it has stopped. Most play modes will continue to play the sequence until the next sync point. A sync point may be thought of as the start of a bar, indeed their spacing is set using the menu option ''Beats per bar''.
The playback indication icon changes to red to indicate it is stopping and then disappears to indicate it has stopped. Most play modes will continue to play the sequence until the next sync point. A sync point may be thought of as the start or end of a bar, indeed their spacing is set using the menu option ''Beats per bar''.
Most play modes will wait until the next sync point before starting. If you start a sequence part way though a bar then it will show an orange ''starting'' icon indicating it is waiting to start and will start at the end of this bar. This may also occur if a sequence length results in it stopping mid-bar in which case it may wait in ''starting'' state until the next bar. (See section on Play Modes.)
Most play modes will wait until the next sync point before starting. If you start a sequence part way though a bar then it will show an orange ''starting'' icon indicating it is waiting to start and will start at the end of this bar. This may also occur if a sequence length results in it stopping mid-bar in which case it may wait in ''starting'' state until the next bar. [[#Sequence modes | See section on Play Modes.]]
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= Multiple Sequences =
= Multiple Sequences =
[[File:Zynpad 4x4 playing starting.png|right|400px]]
[[File:Sequencer pad view 2 inst2.png|400px|right]]
So far we have edited a single pattern in one pad's sequence. Let's add patterns to other pads. By default ZynSeq has 16 pads (sequences) each with a single track with its own pattern. Use BACK and SELECT encoders to select pad
2 and bold press SELECT to show its Pattern Editor. Add a new melody to the pattern then short press BACK or touch topbar to return to ZynPad.
Start pad 1: see its play icon show green and hear its sequence loop.
Start pad A1: see its play icon show green and hear its sequence loop.
Start pad 2. Pad 2 shows an orange ''starting'' icon but does not start to play yet. Pad 1's icon changes to red and continues to play. The red icon indicates sequence is playing but will soon stop. Pad 2 icon changes to green and starts playing as pad 1 stops. The behaviour occurs because these pads are in the same group (see below).
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= Groups =
= Groups =
[[File:Zynpad 4x4 playing playing.png|right|400px]]
[[File:Sequencer pad view 2 queueing.png|400px|right]]
[[File:Sequencer pad view 2 playing.png|400px|right]]
Each sequence belongs to a mutually exclusive group. This means that only one sequence within the same group may play concurrently. Sequences from other groups may play simultaneously. The group is indicated by the colour of the pad. There are up to 26 groups, A-Z.
By default sequences are arranged in columns of groups with the first column being in group A, second column in group B, etc. and the last column being in group J. (This is because the default configuration also allocates MIDI channels 1, 2, etc. and 10 for last column which is traditionally used for percussion.) ZynPad tries to keep things simple with each sequence containing a single track and a single pattern. We will see later how this can be changed with the ''Arranger'' view. Following this simple workflow, a sequence's MIDI channel may be set from the menu option ''MIDI channel''. This also sets the sequence's group. There are 16 colours used to indicate groups so that each MIDI channel may have a different colour.
If you start sequence 1 then start sequence 5 you will see that pad 5 shows orange ''starting'' icon then green ''playing'' icon when the next sync point is reached whilst pad 1 continues to play.
If you start sequence A1 then start sequence B5 you will see that B5 shows orange ''starting'' icon then green ''playing'' icon when the next sync point is reached whilst A1 continues to play.
This is a powerful performance feature of ZynPad. You can assign any quantity of sequences to any group, providing groups of mutually exclusive (only one can play at a time) sequences. Sequences from different groups can play simultaneously but sequences from the same group will play sequentially.
This is a powerful performance feature of ZynPad. You can assign any quantity of sequences to any group, providing groups of mutually exclusive (only one can play at a time) sequences. Sequences from different groups can play simultaneously but sequences from the same group will play sequentially.
A ''Sync point'' is a location within playback at which sequences will loop and / or group sequential play will change to another sequence. Sync points are synonymous with bars in traditional music notation. See section on time signature.
A ''Sync point'' is a location within playback at which sequences will loop and / or group sequential play will change to another sequence. Sync points are synonymous with bars in traditional music notation. See section on time signature.
Remember, sequences are indexed by number, 1, 2, 3, etc. and Groups by letter, A, B, C, etc. Pad labels consist of the group letter and sequence number, e.g. A1.
Remember, sequences are indexed by number, 1, 2, 3, etc. and Groups by letter, A, B, C, etc. By default pad labels show the sequence number but can be renamed (see below).
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= Grid Size =
= Grid Size =
[[File:Zynpad 8x8.png|right|400px]]
[[File:Sequencer pad view grid 8x8.png|400px|right]]
By default ZynPad shows a 4 x 4 grid of 16 pads. The grid is always square, i.e. has the same quantity of columns as rows. The quantity of pads may be adjusted by selecting "Grid size" from the ZynPad menu. The maximum quantity of pads is 64 (8 x 8).
By default ZynPad shows a 4 x 4 grid of 16 pads. The grid is always square, i.e. has the same quantity of columns as rows. The quantity of pads may be adjusted by selecting "Grid size" from the ZynPad menu. The maximum quantity of pads is 64 (8 x 8).
Sequences are added or removed when the grid size is selected. Any patterns are not lost but may need to be reselected with Arranger (see later) when the grid size is increased.
Sequences are added or removed when the grid size is selected. Any patterns are not lost but may need to be re-selected with the ''Arranger'' view (see later) when the grid size is decreased.
When the grid size is changed in ZynPad the sequences are reassigned groups and MIDI channels to create columns of mutually exclusive sequences. If this behaviour is undesired then use Arranger to adjust the grid size.
When the grid size is changed in ZynPad existing sequences remain in the same position. This may result in duplicate (default) names (see picture).
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= Sequence Modes =
= Sequence Modes =
So far we have used the default mode for sequences which will loop the sequence until requested to stop at which point it will continue to play until the next sync point. There are many modes available which each offer features for different workflows / requirements. To change mode, select ''Pad mode'' from the ZynPad's menu. This will allow change of mode of the highlighted sequence. The mode is indicated by an icon.
So far we have used the default mode for sequences which will loop the sequence until requested to stop at which point it will continue to play until the next sync point. There are many modes available which each offer features for different workflows / requirements. To change mode, select ''Play mode'' from the ZynPad's menu. This will allow change of mode of the highlighted sequence. The mode is indicated by an icon.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Oneshot
! Oneshot
| Sequence will play once, i.e. not loop. When stopped sequence will stop immediately (this is the only mode that will stop immediately)
| Sequence will play once, i.e. not loop. When stopped sequence will stop immediately (this is the only mode that will stop immediately)
| [[File:oneshot.png|left]]
| [[File:oneshot_new.png|left]]
|-
|-
! Loop
! Loop
| Sequence will loop immediately at end of sequence. When stopped sequence will play until end of loop
| Sequence will loop immediately at end of sequence. When stopped sequence will play until end of loop
| [[File:loop.png|left]]
| [[File:loop_new.png|left]]
|-
|-
! Oneshot all
! Oneshot all
| Sequence will play once, i.e. not loop. When stopped sequence will continue to play until end of sequence
| Sequence will play once, i.e. not loop. When stopped sequence will continue to play until end of sequence
| [[File:oneshot.png|left]]
| [[File:oneshot_all_new.png|left]]
|-
|-
! Loop all
! Loop all
| Sequence will loop at end of sequence. If sequence ends before sync point it will pause and restart at next sync point (end of bar). When stopped sequence will continue to play until end of sequence
| Sequence will loop at end of sequence. If sequence ends before sync point it will pause and restart at next sync point (end of bar). When stopped sequence will continue to play until end of sequence
| [[File:loopall.png|left]]
| [[File:loop_all_new.png|left]]
|-
|-
! Oneshot sync
! Oneshot sync
| Sequence will play once, i.e. not loop. When stopped sequence will continue to play until next sync point (end of bar)
| Sequence will play once, i.e. not loop. When stopped sequence will continue to play until next sync point (end of bar)
| [[File:oneshotsync.png|left]]
| [[File:oneshot_sync_new.png|left]]
|-
|-
! Loop sync
! Loop sync
| Sequence will loop at sync point. If sequence is shorter than a bar it will pause until next sync point before restarting. When stopped sequence will continue to play until next sync point (end of bar)
| Sequence will loop at sync point. If sequence is shorter than a bar it will pause until next sync point before restarting. When stopped sequence will continue to play until next sync point (end of bar)
| [[File:loopsync.png|left]]
| [[File:loop_sync_new.png|left]]
|}
|}
Loop all is the default mode.
'''Loop all''' is the default mode.
All these modes affect how sequences stop. There are currently no modes that affect how a sequence starts. If JACK transport is not running then the first sequence to be started will start immediately. If any sequences are playing (JACK transport is rolling) then sequences will start at the next sync point.
All of these modes affect how sequences stop. There are currently no modes that affect how a sequence starts. If JACK transport is not running then the first sequence to be started will start immediately (and also start JACK transport). If any sequences are playing or JACK transport is rolling (e.g. because MIDI player is running) then sequences will start at the next sync point.
= Sequence Names =
[[File:Osk.png|right|400px]]
By default each new sequence is allocated one pattern. Each pattern is identified by its index number and the sequence name is set to the value of the pattern's index. It is possible to rename each sequence. Use the menu to select ''Rename sequence''. This shows a keyboard with the current sequence name selected. Use the BACK and SELECT encoders to navigate the cursor and short press SELECT to add the highlighted character to the name. Selecting ''Shift'' will allow the next character to be uppercase. Selecting ''Shift' again will lock the keyboard allowing all subsequent characters to be uppercase. Select ''Shift'' again to release shift-lock. Select ''Delete'' to remove the last character. Bold press ''Delete'' to clear the name.
Select ''Enter'' to assert the new name or ''Cancel'' to revert to the previous name.
The touchscreen may be used to select buttons on the onscreen keyboard.
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= Tempo =
= Tempo =
Tempo is the rate at which the sequencer plays back notes measured in beats per minutes (BPM). By default ZynSeq plays sequences at 120 BPM. Adjust Tempo with the SNAPSHOT encoder. The tempo is briefly displayed in the title bar. There is also a menu option to adjust tempo which may be used on touchscreens. The current tempo is saved and loaded with each snapshot.
Tempo is the rate at which the sequencer plays back notes measured in beats per minutes (BPM). By default ZynSeq plays sequences at 120 BPM. Adjust Tempo with the SNAPSHOT encoder. The tempo is briefly displayed in the title bar. There is also a menu option to adjust tempo.
The current tempo is saved and loaded with each snapshot.
ZynSeq allows tempo to be adjusted from 1BPM to 480BPM. Tempo may also be altered by external modules, e.g. SMF player.
ZynSeq allows tempo to be adjusted from 1.0 BPM to 420.0 BPM in 0.1 BPM steps. Tempo may also be altered by external modules, e.g. MIDI player.
= MIDI channels =
= MIDI channels =
Each sequence may have one or more tracks and each track may be assigned to any of the 16 MIDI channels. By default each sequence has a single track. The ZynPad menu allows setting of the MIDI channel of the first track of the highlighted sequence. (This also sets the sequence's group.) If there is a Zynthian layer associated with the MIDI channel then the preset's name is displayed in the topbar as MIDI channel is selected.
Each sequence may have one or more tracks and each track may be assigned to any of the 16 MIDI channels. By default each sequence has a single track. The ZynPad menu allows setting of the MIDI channel of the first track of the highlighted sequence. (This also sets the sequence's group.) If there is a chain associated with the MIDI channel then the name of the currently selected preset of the chain is displayed in the topbar as MIDI channel is selected.
See Arranger section for detail of setting MIDI channels for multi-track sequences.
[[#Arranger |See ''Arranger'' section]] for detail of setting MIDI channels for multi-track sequences.
= Banks =
= Scenes =
There are many ''banks'' of grids. Each bank contains a set of sequences. Different banks may have different quantity of sequences. Sequence 1 in bank 1 is different to sequence 1 in bank 2. Up to 64 banks may be configured. Banks may be selected from ZynPad using the LAYER encoder or by selecting ''Bank'' in the menu.
There are many ''scenes'' of grids. Each scene contains a set of sequences. Different scenes may have different quantity of sequences. Sequence 1 in scene 1 is different to sequence 1 in scene 2. Up to 64 scenes may be configured. Scenes may be selected from ZynPad using the LAYER encoder or by selecting ''Scene'' in the menu.
A ''bank'' may be considered a view or page of sequences / pads and allows more than 64 sequences to be configured, e.g. 2 pages of 8 x 8 grids provides 128 sequences.
A ''scene'' may be considered a view or page of sequences / pads and allows more than 64 sequences to be configured, e.g. 2 pages of 8 x 8 grids provides 128 sequences.
Scenes may be cleared and reset to default 4 x 4 grid from the Arranger menu.
If any sequences are playing when changing bank, they continue to play.
If any sequences are playing when changing scene, they continue to play.
= Save / Load / Snapshot =
= Save / Load / Snapshot =
Patterns, sequences and banks are saved within the snapshot and restored when a snapshot is loaded. There is also a method of exporting to and importing from standard MIDI file. (See section on import / export.)
Patterns, sequences and scenes are saved within the snapshot and restored when a snapshot is loaded. There is also a method of exporting to and importing from standard MIDI file. [[#Import / Export MIDI Files | See section on Import / Export MIDI Files]]
= External Trigger =
= External Trigger =
= Arranger =
= Arranger =
[[File:Arranger default1.png|400px|right|Arranger showing default]]
[[File:Arranger.png|right|400px]]
[[File:Arranger.png|right|400px]]
Each pad triggers a sequence which may contain one or more tracks. Each track may contain one or more patterns. By default each sequence contains a single track with a single pattern but it is possible to create more complex arrangements by adding more patterns to tracks and more tracks to sequences. The Arranger is a view that allows the manipulation of sequences used by pads. The Arranger is accessed from the menu. Bold press SELECT in ZynPad will also open arranger if the sequence is already configured with more than one track or pattern or the first pattern is not at start of sequence.
The Arranger is a view that allows the manipulation of sequences used by pads. This is where ZynSeq expands beyond a straightforward clip launcher (e.g. Ableton session view). To remind again: Each pad triggers a sequence which may contain one or more tracks. Each track may contain one or more patterns. <blockquote>
''By default each sequence contains a single track with a single pattern (such as a bass line or drum rhythm) but it is possible to create more complex arrangements by adding more patterns to tracks (e.g. intro bass, verse bass) and more tracks to sequences (lead, drums, bass).''
</blockquote>
Said another way: each pad could for example contain a lead, bass and drum track. Now this pad is launching three tracks instead of one. Each track could contain an intro, verse and chorus patterns which will play in the ''arrangement'' you choose. This is just one way to configure a pad with Arranger, [[#Example Workflows | see Example Workflows]] for more.
====Accessing Arranger View and Understanding The Layout====
The Arranger is accessed from the menu. Bold press SELECT in ZynPad will also open arranger if the sequence is already configured with more than one track or pattern or the first pattern is not at start of sequence.
Arranger shows each track as a row with its patterns shown as black boxes (with their pattern number in white) on a time line. Tracks are grouped within their sequence. This should be familiar to users of Digital Audio Workstations (DAW). The left hand column shows the sequence and track titles. This includes:
Arranger shows each track as a row with its patterns shown as black boxes (with their pattern number in white) on a time line. Tracks are grouped within their sequence. This should be familiar to users of Digital Audio Workstations (DAW). The left hand column shows the sequence and track titles. This includes:
The background colour of the title matches the group.
The background colour of the title matches the group.
====Navigating Arranger View====
The selection cursor may be moved around the grid of patterns by rotating the BACK and SELECT encoders. Information about the currently selected track is shown in the topbar, e.g. ''Scene 1 A2-1 (3)'' shows that track 1 in sequence 2 of scene 1 is in group A and sends to MIDI channel 3. Each horizontal division represents a beat. Moving the cursor beyond the edge of the screen will scroll to show more of the scene.
The pattern to be added is indicated by a number in the bottom left of the display. This may be changed by rotating the LAYER encoder. (Note: This differs from ZynPad where LAYER encoder changes the bank.) Tapping the bottom left number on a touchscreen will allow selection of the pattern if touchscreen widgets are enabled.
Patterns may be added to or removed from the grid by short pressing the SELECT encoder or by tapping the touchscreen. Press and drag allows more accurate positioning of a pattern. Patterns may also be moved (only with touchscreen) by click and drag action. (A pattern may not be moved to overlap an existing pattern.)
The pattern to be added is indicated by a number in the bottom left of the display. This may be changed by rotating the LAYER encoder. (Note: This differs from ZynPad where LAYER encoder changes the scene.) Tapping the bottom left number on a touchscreen will allow selection of the pattern if touchscreen widgets are enabled.
Horizontal scrolling will move the cursor one beat unless it meets a pattern in which case it will jump to the next available space in the timeline. If the selected pattern is too long to fit the space then it will continue to skip forward until it finds available space.
Horizontal scrolling will move the cursor one beat unless it meets a pattern in which case it will jump to the next available space in the timeline. If the selected pattern is too long to fit the space then it will continue to skip forward until it finds available space.
The view may be zoomed horizontally and vertically using options in the menu. The zoom level indicates the quantity of rows or columns displayed, i.e. setting vertical zoom to 8 will show 8 rows (tracks) whilst setting horizontal zoom to 64 will show 64 beats.
The view may be zoomed horizontally and vertically using options in the menu. The zoom level indicates the quantity of rows or columns displayed, i.e. setting vertical zoom to 8 will show 8 rows (tracks) whilst setting horizontal zoom to 64 will show 64 beats.
====Adding Tracks and Adjusting Sequences====
New tracks may be added to each sequence by highlighting a sequence track then using menu option ''Add track''. This adds an empty track directly below the selected track, inserting between tracks if necessary. Tracks may be removed by highlighting the track then using the menu option ''Remove track''. Tracks may be selected (without adding a pattern) by tapping the track title on a touchscreen or by rotating the BACK encoder.
New tracks may be added to each sequence by highlighting a sequence track then using menu option ''Add track''. This adds an empty track directly below the selected track, inserting between tracks if necessary. Tracks may be removed by highlighting the track then using the menu option ''Remove track''. Tracks may be selected (without adding a pattern) by tapping the track title on a touchscreen or by rotating the BACK encoder.
A track's MIDI channel may be set by highlighting the track then selecting ''MIDI channel'' from the menu. The instrument name is also shown during channel selection.
A track's MIDI channel may be set by highlighting the track then selecting ''MIDI channel'' from the menu. The instrument name is also shown during channel selection.
The quantity of sequences in the bank may be adjusted using the ''Grid size'' menu option. This allows selection of 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 or 64 sequences but does not change the MIDI channel of any tracks or group of any sequences. This may be undesirable if you use ZynPad as a column based performance tool in which case it may be more appropriate to change grid size from ZynPad menu.
The quantity of sequences in the scene may be adjusted using the ''Grid size'' menu option. This allows selection of 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 or 64 sequences but does not change the MIDI channel of any tracks or group of any sequences. This may be undesirable if you use ZynPad as a column based performance tool in which case it may be more appropriate to change grid size from ZynPad menu.
The group, play mode and trigger note of each sequence can be adjusted from the menu.
The group, play mode and trigger note of each sequence can be adjusted from the menu.
A sequence may be cleared, resetting to a single track with no patterns using the ''Clear sequence'' menu option.
A sequence may be cleared, resetting to a single track with no patterns using the ''Clear sequence'' menu option.
The displayed bank may be changed from the menu and a bank can be cleared, resetting to 4 x 4 grid using the ''Clear bank'' menu option.
The displayed scene may be changed from the menu and a scene can be cleared, resetting to 4 x 4 grid using the ''Clear scene'' menu option.
====Mute and Play Mode Options====
Each track may be muted by highligting the track then bold SNAPSHOT or using ''Mute track'' menu option. The patterns within the track turn grey and will not play when the sequence is playing.
A sequence play state may be toggled with short press SNAPSHOT. A vertical playhead line will show the current play position within each playing sequence. The screen will horizontal scroll as required to follow the currently highlighted track. Selection cursor will also move to remain in view.
By setting a sequence play mode to Oneshot and adding several tracks one may use the sequencer like a traditional, song-based MIDI step sequencer, similar to a DAW.
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= Pattern Management =
= Pattern Management =
[[File:Sequencer pattern editor menu1.png|right|400px]]
Patterns are identified by their number. There may be a maximum of 999 patterns in each snapshot. Each pattern may be used as many times as required in as many tracks and sequences as required.
Patterns are identified by their number. There may be a maximum of 999 patterns in each snapshot. Each pattern may be used as many times as required in as many tracks and sequences as required.
A pattern may be cleared, copied or transposed by selecting the corresponding entry it the pattern manager menu.
A pattern may be cleared, copied or transposed by selecting the corresponding entry it the pattern manager menu:
Copying a pattern will copy all the notes and parameters of a pattern, overwriting the destination pattern after requesting confirmation. Remember that the pattern being overwriten may be used in various sequences.
* Clearing a pattern will remove all notes in the pattern after requesting confirmation.
*
Transposing a pattern moves all notes up or down a semitone at a time. Transpose is constrained to the MIDI range C-1 to G9. If any note in the pattern would be beyond this range then further transposing is prohibited. Transposing is only available when chromatic scale is used, i.e. drum maps cannot be transposed.
* Copying a pattern will copy all the notes and parameters of a pattern, overwriting the destination pattern after requesting confirmation. Remember that the pattern being overwriten may be used in various sequences.
*
* Transposing a pattern moves all notes up or down a semitone at a time. Transpose is constrained to the MIDI range C-1 to G9. If any note in the pattern would be beyond this range then further transposing is prohibited. Transposing is only available when chromatic scale is used, i.e. drum maps cannot be transposed.
New patterns are created on demand, e.g. if a new sequence is added in ZynPad it will be assigned a single track with a single pattern. The pattern will be the first unused, empty pattern available. This means that even if a pattern is removed from tracks, e.g. because a track or sequence is removed the pattern will remain available to select and reuse.
New patterns are created on demand, e.g. if a new sequence is added in ZynPad it will be assigned a single track with a single pattern. The pattern will be the first unused, empty pattern available. This means that even if a pattern is removed from tracks, e.g. because a track or sequence is removed the pattern will remain available to select and reuse.
A pattern may be exported as a standard MIDI file. The tempo and all the notes within the pattern on its current channel will be exported to a file in Zynthian's capture location which may be accessed via webconf. The filename will consist of the pattern number and a date / time stamp of when the export occured, e.g. ''pattern2_2021-02-18 15:15:19.335558.mid''.
A pattern may be exported as a standard MIDI file. The tempo and all the notes within the pattern on its current channel will be exported to a file in Zynthian's capture location which may be accessed via webconf. The filename will consist of the pattern number and a date / time stamp of when the export occured, e.g. ''pattern2_2021-02-18 15:15:19.335558.mid''.
== Import - not yet implemented ==
== Import ==
There are some excellent percussion patterns available in MIDI File Format. Zynthian offers the ability to import such files into ZynSeq sequences. Upload a standard MIDI file using webconf Library->Capture. Within Arranger highlight the sequence into which you wish to import the SMF. Select menu option ''Import SMF'' which will show a file selector looking at Zynthian's capture location. Select the required file. Each MIDI channel within the SMF will create a track in the sequence. Each track will be populated with notes from the SMF. Program changes will be added to each track. Tempo changes will be added to the sequence's timebase track. New patterns will be created as required, starting at the next available pattern above the highest populated pattern, e.g. if you have already populated patterns 1,5 & 12 then import will start populating patterns from 13, using as many patterns as required by the import. Patterns will have an appropriate quantisation level (steps per beat) to accommodate the the rhythm.
There are some excellent percussion patterns available in MIDI File Format. Zynthian offers the ability to import such files into ZynSeq sequences. Upload a standard MIDI file using webconf Library->Capture. Within Arranger highlight the sequence into which you wish to import the SMF. Select menu option ''Import SMF'' which will show a file selector looking at Zynthian's capture location. Select the required file. Each MIDI channel within the SMF will create a track in the sequence. Each track will be populated with notes from the SMF. Program changes will be added to each track. Tempo changes will be added to the sequence's timebase track. New patterns will be created as required, starting at the next available pattern above the highest populated pattern, e.g. if you have already populated patterns 1,5 & 12 then import will start populating patterns from 13, using as many patterns as required by the import. Patterns will have an appropriate quantisation level (steps per beat) to accommodate the the rhythm.
Each sequence has a timebase track which may have tempo and time signature (beats per bar) events. These will influence all playback. The ability to manipulate sequence timebase events is not yet implemented.
Each sequence has a timebase track which may have tempo and time signature (beats per bar) events. These will influence all playback. The ability to manipulate sequence timebase events is not yet implemented.
= User Interface Settings for Touchscreen/Headless Setups =
[[File:sequencer_onscreen_buttons.png|right|400px]]
[[File:sequencer_onscreen_button1.png|right|400px]]
Zynthian contains a setting to show onscreen buttons. With this setting turned on, Zynthian will show the onscreen buttons after selecting certain menu items. This allows adjustments of parameters using the touchscreen interface. This is useful especially for users running Zynthian with only a touchscreen and/or VNC connection.
The option is available in the Zynthian web configuration (webconf) from the Interface -> UI Options menu as shown in the image.
[[File:Zynthian - enable onscreen buttons webconf.jpg|none|200px]]
The images on the right show the onscreen buttons (along the bottom) and parameter adjustment (top left of the screen) after selecting a menu option. Use the numbers to change the parameter as required and tap OK to accept the change. These two examples show the buttons are available to adjust the MIDI channel of the first pad in ZynPad view and for setting the number of beats in the bar in the pattern editor.
====Controlling the Interface With a Qwerty Keyboard or MIDI Device with CUIA: Callable UI Actions====
Zynthian can be controlled with either a USB keyboard or MIDI controller, a list of controls can be found [[Zynthian_UI_Users_Guide#CUIA: Callable UI Actions | here]].
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= Example Workflows =
= Example Workflows =